Objective : As population aging accelerates, improving the quality of life and maintaining independent living among community-dwelling older adults have emerged as major societal challenges. This study aimed to examine the effects of social relationship frequency on instrumental Activities of Daily Living(IADL) participation among Korean older adults and to explore the mediating role of digital literacy in this relationship. Methods : Secondary analysis was conducted using data from the 2023 Elderly Status Survey. Independent t-tests were performed to verify differences in IADL independence according to digital literacy use. Pearson correlation analysis examined relationships among main variables. The effect of social relationship frequency on IADL participation and the mediating effect of digital literacy were tested using Baron and Kenny's three-step mediation analysis and Sobel test. The key variables included social relationship frequency (independent variable), IADL (dependent variable), and digital literacy (mediator). Results : Communication with children negatively affected IADL (β=-0.058, p<.001), with digital literacy showing significant mediation (Z=-5.770, p<.001). Communication with grandchildren (β=0.065, p<.001) and relatives (β=0.085, p<.001) had positive effects, with digital literacy mediating significantly. Communication with acquaintances showed a positive effect but only partial mediation with lower significance. Conclusion : Digital literacy plays a crucial mediating role between social communication and IADL independence. Enhancing digital skills alongside social relationships is essential for elderly autonomy and quality of life.