Objective : This study aimed to translate the Health Promoting Activities Scale (HPAS) for mothers of children with disabilities into Korean and verify its content and face validity. Methods : The study period was from August 26 to November 6, 2025. The HPAS was translated and back-translated, and two Delphi surveys were conducted with 11 experts to verify content validity. To verify face validity, a survey was conducted with 10 mothers of children with disabilities. Data were analyzed to calculate the content validity ratio (CVR), mean, and standard deviation. Results : The first Delphi survey revealed a CVR of 0.27∼0.82, with a mean of 4.1∼4.7. In the first survey, experts suggested using consistent wording, using intuitively understandable wording, providing examples appropriate for Korean culture, and incorporating diverse religions. In the second Delphi, the CVR ranged 0.82∼1.00, with an average score of 4.7∼5.0. Recommendations included revising spiritual expressions and removing specific religious designations. A survey of mothers of children with disabilities revealed an average score of 4.2∼4.8. They recommended removing spiritual expressions and providing concrete explanations for ambiguous expressions. Furthermore, we were able to develop content tailored to Korean culture contexts by providing information about the specific activities they actually participate in. Conclusion : The K-HPAS is a tool that systematically measures the health promoting activities participated in by mothers of children with disabilities. It is expected to serve as a foundation for future health promoting program development and personalized health management.

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Objective : This study aimed to precisely analyze the changing patterns of Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), and depression among Korean older adults by stratifying age into 5-year intervals. Furthermore, it examined the impact of depression on functional disability, specifically comparing its relative risk for BADL versus IADL impairment. Methods : A secondary analysis was conducted using data from the 9th Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing(KLOSA, 2022), involving 4,489 participants aged 65 years and older. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, chi-square tests, and calculate Odds Ratios (OR). Results : First, significant functional decline was observed starting at age 75. Notably, BADL and IADL scores, along with the prevalence of depression, showed a precipitous increase after age 80. Second, item-specific analysis revealed that ‘bathing/showering’ (BADL) and ‘locomotion using transportation’ (IADL) were the functions most vulnerable to aging. Third, older adults with depression exhibited a 5.32-fold increased risk of IADL disability and a significantly higher 8.36-fold risk of BADL disability— which is essential for survival—compared to their non-depressed counterparts. Conclusion : This study confirms that functional decline in older adults begins around the age of 75 and accelerates rapidly after age 80. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that depression is a more detrimental risk factor for physical self-maintenance (BADL) than for social functioning (IADL). Consequently, age 75 should be established as a practical functional threshold to differentiate between prevention and care programs, and age 80 should be considered a benchmark for intensive care. Integrated psychophysical intervention strategies are essential to disrupt the vicious cycle between depression and physical deterioration.

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Objective : The purpose of this study is to examine the importance of nutritional health of the elderly in an accelerated aging society, study how nutritional health affects mental health and injury experiences related to improving the quality of life of the elderly, and provide data derived through analysis as basic data for the development of rehabilitation policies and intervention programs. Methods : A survey was conducted on 160 elderly people without chronic diseases who visited five community welfare centers for two months from July to August 2025. Independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were conducted for the mental health status of the elderly according to general characteristics, one-way ANOVA was conducted for the mental health status according to the nutritional health group of the elderly, and regression analysis was conducted on the effect of nutritional health of the elderly on mental health and injury experiences. Results : As a result of comparing the mental health of the elderly according to demographic characteristics, first, there were significant differences in mental health at age (p=.000) and economic level (p=.000). Second, there was a significant difference in mental health according to the elderly's nutritional health level. Third, it was found that the effect of nutritional health of the elderly on mental health and injury experiences had a significant effect. Conclusion : The nutritional health of the elderly has a very important influence on mental health and injury experiences. Mental health problems and injury caused by nutritional health problems are not just personal health, but also have a great social and economic impact. Therefore, finding ways to prevent and solve this will not only improve the quality of life of the elderly, but also increase the efficiency of the health care system of the whole society.

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Objective : This study was conducted to provide swallowing education to community-dwelling neurologically intact older adults and to examine changes in swallowing-related awareness and swallowing-related quality of life. Methods : A total of 22 adults aged 65 years or older, all receiving services from a public health center in Busan (Y Public Health Center), were enrolled. The program was conducted over 5 weeks from 15 October to 12 November 2025. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0, including descriptive statistics and paired t-tests, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results : Following the education program, participants demonstrated significant improvement in self-perceived swallowing rehabilitation knowledge (t=–6.345, p<0.01). Among QoL subdomains, emotional QoL was increased significantly (t=–2.709, p<0.05)). The total dysphagia-specific QoL score also showed significant enhancement (83.32 ± 11.85 before vs. 87.91 ± 9.08 after; t=–2.314, p<0.05)). Conclusion : Swallowing education led to positive changes in improving the awareness of the elderly in the community and changing the emotional quality of life. In future community-based research, active research is needed that includes objective physiological indicators and that improved awareness can lead to participation in actual educational programs.

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Objective : As population aging accelerates, improving the quality of life and maintaining independent living among community-dwelling older adults have emerged as major societal challenges. This study aimed to examine the effects of social relationship frequency on instrumental Activities of Daily Living(IADL) participation among Korean older adults and to explore the mediating role of digital literacy in this relationship. Methods : Secondary analysis was conducted using data from the 2023 Elderly Status Survey. Independent t-tests were performed to verify differences in IADL independence according to digital literacy use. Pearson correlation analysis examined relationships among main variables. The effect of social relationship frequency on IADL participation and the mediating effect of digital literacy were tested using Baron and Kenny’s three-step mediation analysis and Sobel test. The key variables included social relationship frequency (independent variable), IADL (dependent variable), and digital literacy (mediator). Results : Communication with children negatively affected IADL (β=-0.058, p<.001), with digital literacy showing significant mediation (Z=-5.770, p<.001). Communication with grandchildren (β=0.065, p<.001) and relatives (β=0.085, p<.001) had positive effects, with digital literacy mediating significantly. Communication with acquaintances showed a positive effect but only partial mediation with lower significance. Conclusion : Digital literacy plays a crucial mediating role between social communication and IADL independence. Enhancing digital skills alongside social relationships is essential for elderly autonomy and quality of life.

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Objective : This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of interventions for apraxia in individuals with stroke through a meta-analysis. Methods : The analysis included domestic and international randomized controlled trials (RCTs) administering apraxia interventions to stroke patients, published between 1871 (the year of the first related study) and 2023. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using academic databases such as CINAHL Plus with Full Text, PubMed Central, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Korea Citation Index, KISS, RISS, KYOBO Scholar, DBpia, and e-article. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. The meta-analysis was performed using statistical data such as sample size, means, and standard deviations. Results : As a result of the search, five randomized controlled trials were ultimately included in the analysis. According to the PEDro scale, all studies demonstrated a methodological quality score of 6 or higher. A total of 307 participants were involved, with 155 in the experimental groups and 152 in the control groups. The effect size was calculated using Hedges’g with a random effects model, yielding an overall effect size of 0.489. The dependent variables of the apraxia intervention showed the following effect sizes: 0.670 (apraxia), 0.480 (quality of life), 0.361 (cognitive function), 0.332 (motor function), and 0.295 (activities of daily living). These results collectively indicate a medium-sized overall effect. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that apraxia interventions were effective not only in improving apraxia symptoms in individuals with stroke but also in enhancing their motor function and activities of daily living. Also, the study is meaningful in that it provides a comprehensive analysis of existing literature addressing the impact of apraxia interventions on these domains in stroke patients.

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Objective : This study aimed to analyze the effects of health-related factors on wellness among older adults residing in the community and to provide foundational data to support successful aging. Methods : The study was conducted over a 17 week period with community-dwelling individuals aged 65 and older. Health-related factors were assessed using the Generic ICF(International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) Core Set developed by the World Health Organization(WHO), and wellness was measured using the Korean Wellness Life Style Scale(KWLISS). Of the 174 collected responses, 167 were included in the final analysis, excluding 7 who did incomplete or ineligible cases. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis. Results : The correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations between wellness and body function(r=–.193, p<.05), body structures(r=–.322, p<.001), and activities and social participation (r=–.388, p<.001). In contrast, environmental factors(r=.191, p<.05), educational level(r=.522, p<.001), and economic status(r=.496, p<.001) showed significant positive correlations with wellness. Multiple regression analysis identified activities and social participation (β=–.337, p<.001), educational level (β=.411, p<.001), and economic status (β=.381, p<.001) as significant predictors of wellness, accounting for 52.5% of the variance (R²=.525). Conclusion : Enhancing the wellness of older adults requires a multidimensional approach that strengthens functional independence activities and participation capacities, expands access to educational opportunities, and provides financial support. Accordingly, community-based occupational therapy programs should move beyond narrowly medicalized interventions and adopt integrated models designed to promote older adults’ autonomy and engagement in social roles.

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Objective : This study aimed to investigate the effects of daily life satisfaction and experiences of discrimination on the Happiness of individuals with visual impairments. Method : The study analyzed data from the 8th wave of the second Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled(PSED), selecting 487 respondents with visual impairments. Pearson’s correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to examine the relationships with Happiness. Result : Correlation analysis revealed that experiences of discrimination in daily life due to disability were positively correlated with Happiness(r=.339, p<.01), while severity of disability(r=–.091, p<.05) and the presence of multiple disabilities(r=–.174, p<.001) were negatively correlated. The regression analysis showed that daily life satisfaction, experiences of discrimination, and the presence of multiple disabilities significantly influenced Happiness, with these variables explaining 28.1% of the variance in Happiness. Conclusion : The findings suggest that enhancing daily life satisfaction and reducing discrimination through social support and institutional measures are essential for improving the Happiness of individuals with visual impairments. This study can serve as foundational data for policy development and practical strategies to enhance the happiness of people with visual disabilities.

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Objectives : To evaluate the correlation between bulbar symptoms, swallowing, and respiratory function in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and to determine the clinical utility of the Korean version of the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (K-ALSFRS-R) in predicting objective swallowing and pulmonary function test results. Method : This retrospective cross-sectional study reviewed the medical records of 80 patients with ALS. Functional status was assessed using the K-ALSFRS-R, a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM). In particular, bulbar symptoms were evaluated using the bulbar domain subscore (b-K-ALSFRS-R), which comprises items related to speech, swallowing, and salivation. Swallowing function was assessed using videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS), specifically measuring oral transit time (OTT) and Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) scores for liquid, semisolid and solid consistencies. Respiratory function was evaluated through pulmonary function tests (PFT), including forced vital capacity (FVC), peak cough flow (PCF), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), measured in both supine and sitting positions. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis. Results : The mean age of the 80 patients with ALS was 60 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.8:1. The average disease duration was 2.7 years. The mean total scores for the K-ALSFRS-R and b-K-ALSFRS-R were 18.8 and 6.4, respectively. The b-K-ALSFRS-R score showed significant correlations with both PFT and VFSS parameters (OTT and PAS scores for liquid and solid diet). In contrast, while the total K-ALSFRS-R score was significantly correlated with PFT parameters, it was not significantly associated with VFSS results. Conclusions : Bulbar symptoms, as measured by the b-K-ALSFRS-R, may serve as a useful clinical indicator of both dysphagia and respiratory decline in patients with ALS.

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