Objective : This study was conducted to investigate the effects of occupation-based group cooking program on executive function for children in community children’s center. Methods : The children who participated in the study were 7 to 9 years old. This study was based on a one-group pre-posttest design, which the group cooking program included making of sandwiches, frog-shaped hamburgers, patbingsu, sausage gimbap, and flowerpot cupcake. This study consisted of five activity sessions, which each session lasted for 120 minutes. Effectiveness of the program was measured by using the STROOP Color and Word Test, Children’s Color Trails Test and Assessment of Motor and Process Skills. Results : The differences between pre and posttest scores on STROOP Color and Word Test and the process skill score of Assessment of Motor and Process Skills were statistically significant. There was no difference significantly between pre and posttest scores in Children’s Color Trails Test-2. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that the group cooking program intervention has effects on cognitive inhibition executive function and performance executive function of children in the community children’s center. This study suggests that occupation-based intervention can be applied to various clients in the community setting.

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Objective : The study was to investigate the neurophysiological approach to the effect of complex exercise on memory, one of brain functions, and the degree of sleep disorder using experimental animals with sleep disorders. Methods : This study carried out a complex exercise that designed in an animal laboratory for 4 days to 16 sleep - disordered model rats. After the exercise, brain function was confirmed with the changes of BDNF in the hippocampus and the change of sleep level was confirmed with the concentration of melatonin in the blood. Results : First, the effect of the complex exercise program on brain function was significantly increased in the experimental group(p<0.01). Second, the effect of complex exercise program on sleep disturbance was significantly increased in the experimental group and control group(p<0.01)(p<0.05). Conclusion : The rate of increase of the elderly in the community is rapidly increasing, and the sleep disorder of the elderly can affect the quality of life of these elderly people. Secondary memory impairment due to sleep disturbances can also be a problem. Although there are many ways to improve sleep disturbance, it has been scientifically proven through experimental animals that sleep and memory can be improved with complex exercise that is not economically, spatially burdensome.

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Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze occupational therapy intervention on the community mobility for stroke patients, and to provide evidence of intervention in the clinical fields. Methods : A systematic review was executed according to the PRISMA checklist. The accessed database was PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), ProQuest Dissertations & thesis (PQDT), RISS, and KoreaMed. We included the articles published from 2005 to September 2018. RoBANS checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the articles. Included articles, totally eight, were categorized according to the type of intervention. Results : The study design of the literature was varied from two-group randomized trial, quasi-experimental study, case-control trial, one group pre-post comparison study, and cross-sectional study. In the evidence level, 6 articles were included in level Ⅱ (75%). The percentage of low risk of bias in each article ranged from 52.5%~87.5%. Four studies (50%) provided intervention based on virtual reality or virtual environment. The three (37.5%) provided intervention based on the protocol, and the other (12.5%) did wheelchair training. All studies reported significant effects of the intervention. Conclusion : This systematic review provided evidences to use proper intervention in the clinical fields. Various type of studies should be conducted to prove the effect of occupational therapy intervention for community mobility.

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The purpose of this paper is to review vestibulo-ocular reflex and vestibular rehabilitation for balace problem in elderly. Falling is a common problem associated with aging. Falling and the resulting consequences constitutes one of the most common and serious problems. Balance deficits are one of the top risk factors for falling. Three systems(visual, vestibular and somatosensory) need to be integrated and used to coordinate and control balance. During normal ambulation and head movement, the vestibulo-ocular reflex(VOR) stabilizes gaze, and helps to keep the image of the retina. There is a direct association between deficits in VOR and falls. Older adults have a decreased ability to enhance and suppress the VOR. Vestibular rehabilitation(VR) is an exercise-based group of approaches that began with the aim of central nervous system compensation. VR restores VOR gain and reduces error using repetitive movements of the head and eyes. Many researches showd balance and gait tests were superior in the VR group. It is considered this article helps to prevent elderly falling with vestibular rehabilitation.

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Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in self-efficacy and writing ability after applying a Task-Oriented Multi-Sensory Movement Program to children with ADHD tendency accompanied by learning delays. Methods : A Task-Oriented Multi-Sensory Movement Program was implemented to children with ADHD tendency accompanied by learning delays attending S elementary school. The research proceeded in the order of a pre-test, Task-Oriented Multi-Sensory Movement intervention, and a post-test. The first session involved a pre-test, in which the children’s self-efficacy and writing ability were examined using self-efficacy test and type ‘A’ KNISE-BAAT writing test. The multisensory group activity program intervention was conducted for a total of 8 sessions. In the last session, a post-test was conducted using self-efficacy test and type ‘B’ KNISE-BAAT writing test. Data collected from the tests were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 18. Results : According to the tests taken before and after implementing the Task-Oriented Multi-Sensory Movement Program, there was a significant improvement in self-efficacy (school, society), writing ability(command of vocabulary and sentence). Conclusion : Task-Oriented Multi-Sensory Movement Program may be used as a beneficial measure to improve the self-efficacy and writing abilities of children with ADHD tendency accompanied by learning delays. It is necessary to design various intervention models by combining educational media based on a multisensory approach.

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Objective : This study sought to characterize and determine the qualitative level of a single target study for stroke patients. Methods : The National Science and Technology Information Center (NDSL), DBpia (DBpia), RISS (Radical Research Information Service), Korea Research Information (KISS), and the National Assembly Library's original case study from 2002 to 2017. A total of 24 single target research papers were selected through the screening process to analyze the quality level of research methods and research design. Results : ABA design was th most common study design method. One person was the most with 12(50%). and three were the second with 8(33.3%). Imagination was the most used as an independent lawyer. Dependent variables had the highest level of situability and one-sidedness. The study was also conducted with a variety of target behaviors, including 'memory', 'visual attention', 'dysphagia', 'visual-motor coordination', 'balance', 'activity of daily life' and 'edema' behaviors. It also showed a positive effect on all dependent variables. The Qualitative level was found to be above the intermediate level except for one study. Conclusion : It is academic significance that this study analyzes the items to be prepared for in the performance of a single target study and further studies may require the establishment of a weak but good-quality single target study for researchers conducting research in local communities and clinical sites.

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Objective : Sleep disorder caused by stress or disease to elderly currently. We tried to make clear constant exercise according to exercise intensity would have effect on sleep disorder in elderly using EEG and melatonin. Methods : Thirty subjects were over 65 years old who lived a senior facility in some parts. They were able to communicate and understand the purpose of the study. They also expressed their intension to participate actively in experiment. They should have alert consciousness and orientation about time, place, and people. Sleep disorder was assessed via below 6 hr total sleep time and Pittsburge Sleep Quality Index, which was satisfied with both of criterion at the same time. Exercises composed of low intensity walking, moderate aerobic exercise, and high intensity resistance strength. We used QEEG 8-System (LAXTHA Inc. KOREA) to check wave type and Polysomnograpy (Compumedics, Australia) to test quality of sleep. and Histologic features were observed by TTC (triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining and H & E (Hematoxylin & Eosin) staining. Results : There was a significant sleep index and change of melatonin after aerobic exercise. There was a significant SOL, S1, S2, and SWS in aerobic exercise, but there was a significant SWS in walking and resistance strength. There was a significant change of delta wave especially in frontal and temporal region between exercises. Conclusion : They had different effects according to type of exercise, when elderly who have chemical, behavioral change of circadian rhythms did exercise consistently. Aerobic exercise had more effect on sleep disorder than other exercise. Therefore, we may supply proper exercise to elderly and high quality of life.

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Objective : The purpose of study is to validate the clinical utility and usability of the Korean version of the Life Space Assessment(K-LSA) which is an assessment tool of community mobility of older adults. Methods : Surveys on the clinical utility and usability of the K-LSA are carried out with a total of aoaa60 occupational and physical therapists. The surveys included the multiple choice questions on the clinical utility and open questions on the usability. Responses to multiple questions are post processed by frequency analysis and technical statistics, and responses to the open questions are categorized by common factors in each questions. Results : Average value of clinical utility ranges from 3.6 to 4.0 with positive responses of ‘fair (3 point)', ‘agree (4 point)’ and ‘strongly agree (5 point)’ being 95〜100%. Average value for clinical usability ranges from 3.6 to 4 with positive answers of 'fair (3 point)', ‘easy (4 point)’ and ‘very easy (5 point)’ being 88.3〜 100%. Additionally out of open-type questions of clinical usability, it was pointed out that the concept of ‘neighborhood’ for the life space level 3 and 4 is unclear. Conclusion : The current study and research outcomes showed that the K-LSA is a validated tool in Korean health care system for the clinical utility and usability in measuring community mobility, and that it is straightforward in practical use . It will help clinicians and therapist s promote the social participation of older adults, and set an intervention goal for enhancing community mobility. It will further help clinicians and researchers in education and research for medical intervention and goal-setting.

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