Objective : As population aging accelerates, improving the quality of life and maintaining independent living among community-dwelling older adults have emerged as major societal challenges. This study aimed to examine the effects of social relationship frequency on instrumental Activities of Daily Living(IADL) participation among Korean older adults and to explore the mediating role of digital literacy in this relationship. Methods : Secondary analysis was conducted using data from the 2023 Elderly Status Survey. Independent t-tests were performed to verify differences in IADL independence according to digital literacy use. Pearson correlation analysis examined relationships among main variables. The effect of social relationship frequency on IADL participation and the mediating effect of digital literacy were tested using Baron and Kenny’s three-step mediation analysis and Sobel test. The key variables included social relationship frequency (independent variable), IADL (dependent variable), and digital literacy (mediator). Results : Communication with children negatively affected IADL (β=-0.058, p<.001), with digital literacy showing significant mediation (Z=-5.770, p<.001). Communication with grandchildren (β=0.065, p<.001) and relatives (β=0.085, p<.001) had positive effects, with digital literacy mediating significantly. Communication with acquaintances showed a positive effect but only partial mediation with lower significance. Conclusion : Digital literacy plays a crucial mediating role between social communication and IADL independence. Enhancing digital skills alongside social relationships is essential for elderly autonomy and quality of life.

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Objective : This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of interventions for apraxia in individuals with stroke through a meta-analysis. Methods : The analysis included domestic and international randomized controlled trials (RCTs) administering apraxia interventions to stroke patients, published between 1871 (the year of the first related study) and 2023. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using academic databases such as CINAHL Plus with Full Text, PubMed Central, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Korea Citation Index, KISS, RISS, KYOBO Scholar, DBpia, and e-article. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. The meta-analysis was performed using statistical data such as sample size, means, and standard deviations. Results : As a result of the search, five randomized controlled trials were ultimately included in the analysis. According to the PEDro scale, all studies demonstrated a methodological quality score of 6 or higher. A total of 307 participants were involved, with 155 in the experimental groups and 152 in the control groups. The effect size was calculated using Hedges’g with a random effects model, yielding an overall effect size of 0.489. The dependent variables of the apraxia intervention showed the following effect sizes: 0.670 (apraxia), 0.480 (quality of life), 0.361 (cognitive function), 0.332 (motor function), and 0.295 (activities of daily living). These results collectively indicate a medium-sized overall effect. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that apraxia interventions were effective not only in improving apraxia symptoms in individuals with stroke but also in enhancing their motor function and activities of daily living. Also, the study is meaningful in that it provides a comprehensive analysis of existing literature addressing the impact of apraxia interventions on these domains in stroke patients.

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Objective : This study aimed to analyze the effects of health-related factors on wellness among older adults residing in the community and to provide foundational data to support successful aging. Methods : The study was conducted over a 17 week period with community-dwelling individuals aged 65 and older. Health-related factors were assessed using the Generic ICF(International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) Core Set developed by the World Health Organization(WHO), and wellness was measured using the Korean Wellness Life Style Scale(KWLISS). Of the 174 collected responses, 167 were included in the final analysis, excluding 7 who did incomplete or ineligible cases. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis. Results : The correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations between wellness and body function(r=–.193, p<.05), body structures(r=–.322, p<.001), and activities and social participation (r=–.388, p<.001). In contrast, environmental factors(r=.191, p<.05), educational level(r=.522, p<.001), and economic status(r=.496, p<.001) showed significant positive correlations with wellness. Multiple regression analysis identified activities and social participation (β=–.337, p<.001), educational level (β=.411, p<.001), and economic status (β=.381, p<.001) as significant predictors of wellness, accounting for 52.5% of the variance (R²=.525). Conclusion : Enhancing the wellness of older adults requires a multidimensional approach that strengthens functional independence activities and participation capacities, expands access to educational opportunities, and provides financial support. Accordingly, community-based occupational therapy programs should move beyond narrowly medicalized interventions and adopt integrated models designed to promote older adults’ autonomy and engagement in social roles.

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Objective : This study aimed to investigate the effects of daily life satisfaction and experiences of discrimination on the Happiness of individuals with visual impairments. Method : The study analyzed data from the 8th wave of the second Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled(PSED), selecting 487 respondents with visual impairments. Pearson’s correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to examine the relationships with Happiness. Result : Correlation analysis revealed that experiences of discrimination in daily life due to disability were positively correlated with Happiness(r=.339, p<.01), while severity of disability(r=–.091, p<.05) and the presence of multiple disabilities(r=–.174, p<.001) were negatively correlated. The regression analysis showed that daily life satisfaction, experiences of discrimination, and the presence of multiple disabilities significantly influenced Happiness, with these variables explaining 28.1% of the variance in Happiness. Conclusion : The findings suggest that enhancing daily life satisfaction and reducing discrimination through social support and institutional measures are essential for improving the Happiness of individuals with visual impairments. This study can serve as foundational data for policy development and practical strategies to enhance the happiness of people with visual disabilities.

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Objectives : To evaluate the correlation between bulbar symptoms, swallowing, and respiratory function in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and to determine the clinical utility of the Korean version of the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (K-ALSFRS-R) in predicting objective swallowing and pulmonary function test results. Method : This retrospective cross-sectional study reviewed the medical records of 80 patients with ALS. Functional status was assessed using the K-ALSFRS-R, a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM). In particular, bulbar symptoms were evaluated using the bulbar domain subscore (b-K-ALSFRS-R), which comprises items related to speech, swallowing, and salivation. Swallowing function was assessed using videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS), specifically measuring oral transit time (OTT) and Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) scores for liquid, semisolid and solid consistencies. Respiratory function was evaluated through pulmonary function tests (PFT), including forced vital capacity (FVC), peak cough flow (PCF), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), measured in both supine and sitting positions. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis. Results : The mean age of the 80 patients with ALS was 60 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.8:1. The average disease duration was 2.7 years. The mean total scores for the K-ALSFRS-R and b-K-ALSFRS-R were 18.8 and 6.4, respectively. The b-K-ALSFRS-R score showed significant correlations with both PFT and VFSS parameters (OTT and PAS scores for liquid and solid diet). In contrast, while the total K-ALSFRS-R score was significantly correlated with PFT parameters, it was not significantly associated with VFSS results. Conclusions : Bulbar symptoms, as measured by the b-K-ALSFRS-R, may serve as a useful clinical indicator of both dysphagia and respiratory decline in patients with ALS.

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Objective : The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the differences in multiple intelligence according to general characteristics by examining the multiple intelligence of school children diagnosed with ADHD. Methods : This study compared and analyzed the differences in general characteristics of intelligence in eight areas by conducting multiple intelligence tests from June 2024 to December 2024 on 150 ADHD children visiting institutions that are performing treatment and counseling. Resutls : The results of the study were as follows: First, in terms of gender, there was a significance in logical mathematics intelligence. Second, there was a significance in linguistic Intelligence and interpersonal intelligence at age. Third, in the duration of illness, there was a significance in most intelligences such as logical mathematics intelligence, spatial intelligence, linguistic intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, and intrapersonal intelligence. Fourth, by academic performance, there was a significance in all intelligences except bodily kinesthetic intelligence such as musical intelligence, logical mathematics intelligence, spatial intelligence, linguistic intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, and naturalist intelligence. Fifth, there was no significance in multiple intelligences at the economic level. Sixth, in the comparative analysis of the total value of multiple intelligence of ADHD children according to general characteristics, there was a significant difference in the duration of disease and academic performance. Conclusion : This study compared and analyzed multiple intelligence according to the general characteristics of children with ADHD, and the results of the study can be used as basic data for the development and selection of intervention programs for children with ADHD in community occupational therapy

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